Properties of Substances and Mixtures
Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Exam prep · AP Chemistry
AP Chemistry problems are mostly setups you have seen before with different numbers. Flashcards make the setups automatic: which equation, which sign convention, which trend. Study the decks below and card every worked example your teacher emphasizes.
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One unit per video: the ideas, a worked exam-style question and the mistake students make most. Study the flashcards and take the quiz above after watching.
Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Unit 4: Chemical Reactions · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
What are the alkali metals and where are they found?
Answer: Group 1 elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) — very reactive metals that form +1 ions.
Reactivity increases down the group.
What is Avogadro's number and what does a mole represent?
Answer: 6.022 × 10^23; one mole is that many particles of a substance.
The molar mass in grams equals the atomic/molecular mass in amu.
What is a metallic bond?
Answer: Attraction between metal cations and a 'sea' of delocalized electrons.
Explains conductivity, malleability, and luster of metals.
What is the octet rule?
Answer: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons.
Hydrogen is an exception, needing only two.
What makes a covalent bond polar?
Answer: A difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms, so electrons are shared unequally.
Example: the O–H bonds in water.
What is a covalent bond?
Answer: A bond formed when two nonmetals share one or more pairs of electrons.
Single, double, and triple bonds share 1, 2, or 3 pairs.
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AP Chemistry does not test organic reactions. The organic deck on Quizcard is for the MCAT and university courses.
Yes, from the PDF. Lab-based FRQs reward knowing procedure and error sources.
Know how to use every equation on the sheet without hunting for it; card the situations each one fits.
Official information: College Board: AP Chemistry. Formats and weights change; check the official page before test day.
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