What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
Answer: Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine pairs with cytosine.
Explanation
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
Exam prep · AP Biology
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What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
Answer: Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine pairs with cytosine.
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
What does CRISPR-Cas9 do?
Answer: Uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at a specific sequence, enabling gene editing.
Adapted from a bacterial immune system.
What are restriction enzymes?
Answer: Enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, often leaving sticky ends.
Used to insert genes into plasmids.
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
Answer: Separating DNA fragments by size; smaller fragments move farther through the gel toward the positive electrode.
DNA is negatively charged because of its phosphate backbone.
What does PCR do?
Answer: Amplifies a specific DNA segment through repeated cycles of denaturing, annealing primers, and extension.
Uses heat-stable Taq polymerase.
What is epigenetics?
Answer: Heritable changes in gene expression without changes to the DNA sequence, such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
Explains how identical genotypes can differ in expression.
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